ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significance of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in condyloma acuminatum (CA).Methods:Sixty four patients with initial CA(initial group) and 48 patients with recurrent CA(recurrent goup) treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of PLA Air Force Military Medical University Hospital from January 2019 to November 2020 were included. In the same period, 31 patients who underwent circumcision and 19 female underwent sexual organ cosmetic plastic surgery were taken as the control group, and the normal foreskin and healthy vulva were collected. The expression of HMGB1 in wart was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and the expression of soluble apoptosis related factor ligand (sFasL), cell lymphoma-2 gene (Bcl-2), soluble apoptosis related factor (SFAS) and Survivin, caspase-3 were detected. At the same time, serum interleukin (IL) - 6, IL-17, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF- α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:The expression of HMGB1 mRNA in the warts of patients in the initial group, recurrence group and control group were 1.96 ± 0.20, 1.53 ± 0.14, 1.05 ± 0.11, there was statistical difference ( F = 15.20, P<0.05) ; the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in the warts of patients in the initial group was significantly higher than that in the recurrence group and the control group ( P<0.05), and the recurrence group was also significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of sFas, Bcl-2, sFasL and caspase-3 in the warts of patients in the initial group were significantly lower than those in the recurrence group and the control group: 0.52 ± 0.08 vs. 0.82 ± 0.16, 1.10 ± 0.19; 0.50 ± 0.05 vs. 0.79 ± 0.13, 1.08 ± 0.21; 0.47 ± 0.06 vs. 0.81 ± 0.15, 1.01 ± 0.19; 0.35 ± 0.04 vs. 0.68 ± 0.09, 0.91 ± 0.16, P<0.05; and the recurrence group were also significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The expression of Survivin mRNA in the warts of patients in the initial group was significantly higher than those in the recurrence group and the control group: 2.14 ± 0.40 vs. 1.60 ± 0.27, 0.99 ± 0.18, P<0.05, and the recurrence group was also significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the initial group were significantly lower than that in the recurrence group and the control group: (20.08 ± 1.95) μg/L vs. (26.93 ± 2.74), (37.65 ± 3.83) μg/L; (31.05 ± 3.24) μg/L vs. (38.13 ± 3.76), (45.98 ± 4.69) μg/L, P<0.05; and the recurrence group were also significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in the primary group were significantly higher than those in the recurrence group and the control group: (423.71 ± 28.68) ng/L vs. (384.26 ± 21.70) and (335.43 ± 19.65) ng/L; (289.50 ± 18.53) ng/L vs. (251.07 ± 15.96) and (214.67 ± 13.20) ng/L, P<0.05; and the recurrence group were also significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression of HMGB1 in the warts of CA patients were negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of caspase-3, sFas, Bcl-2 and sFasL in the warts ( r = - 0.602, - 0.734, - 0.692, - 0.717, P<0.05), and was positive correlation with Survivin mRNA expression ( r = 0.645, P<0.05); and were positive correlation with the contents of IL-17 and IL-23 in serum ( r = 0.673, 0.685, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 ( r = - 0.698, - 0.764, P<0.05). Conclusions:HMGB1 is obviously abnormal in the warts of patients with condyloma acuminatum, and is closely related to apoptosis, immune and inflammation-related factors, and may be jointly involved in the occurrence and recurrence of CA.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the role of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in the endogenous protective mechanism underlying mechanical ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in mice and the relationship with high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).Methods:Forty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) by the random number table method: control group (group C), VILI group (group VILI), negative control siRNA + VILI group (group NV) and HSF1 siRNA + VILI group (group siRNA). At 48 h before mechanical ventilation, negative control siRNA 5 nmol and HSF1 siRNA 5 nmol were intratracheally injected in NV and siRNA groups respectively, and the solution was diluted to 50 μl with the sterile phosphate buffer in both groups. Group C kept spontaneous breathing for 4 h, and the rest animals were mechanically ventilated (tidal volume 35 ml/kg, respiratory rate 75 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1∶2, fraction of inspired oxygen 21%) for 4 h. Blood samples from the femoral artery were collected for arterial blood gas analysis immediately after endotracheal intubation and at 4 h of ventilation, and PaO 2 was recorded. Then the mice were sacrificed under deep anesthesia to collect lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and HMGB1 in BALF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological results were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and lung injury was assessed and scored. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio of lung tissues was calculated. The expression of HMGB1 and HSF1 mRNA in lung tissues (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and expression of HMGB1 and HSF1 protein in lung tissues (by Western blot) were determined. Results:Compared with group C, PaO 2 was significantly decreased at 4 h of ventilation, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 in BALF, W/D ratio and lung injury score were increased, and the expression of HMGB1 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in group VILI, group NV and group siRNA ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group VILI and group NV, PaO 2 was significantly decreased at 4 h of ventilation, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 in BALF, W/D ratio and lung injury score were increased, and the expression of HMGB1 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated, and the expression of HSF1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group siRNA ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group VILI and group NV ( P>0.05). Conclusions:HSF1 is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism underlying VILI in mice, which may be related to the down-regulation of HMGB1 expression and attenuation of inflammatory responses in lung tissues.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of lidocaine on the expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) mRNA during lidocaine-induced attenuation of pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in septic rats.Methods:Thirty clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) by the random number table method: sham operation group (S group), sepsis group (C group) and lidocaine group (L group). Sepsis model was developed by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized animals.In group S, only surgery was performed without ligation.In group L, lidocaine 10 mg/kg was injected into the tail vein immediately after model preparation, followed by 10 mg·kg -1·h -1 infusion for 3 h. Groups S and C received the equal volume of normal saline instead.At 24 h after model preparation, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava, and lung tissues were harvested.Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and syndecan-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HMGB1 mRNA expression in lung tissues was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, wet/dry lung weight ratio was measured, and pulmonary vascular endothelial structure was observed with a transmission electron microscope. Results:Compared with group S, the serum TNF-α and syndecan-1 concentrations and wet/dry lung weight ratio were significantly increased, and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in C and L groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the serum TNF-α and syndecan-1 concentrations and wet/dry lung weight ratio were significantly decreased, and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in lung tissues was down-regulated in group L ( P<0.05). The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the pulmonary vascular endothelium was intact and continuous, and the structure was dense in group S; the pulmonary vascular endothelium was discontinuous, and the structure was significantly loose in group C; the pulmonary vascular endothelium was basically intact, and the structure was slightly loose in group L. Conclusions:Lidocaine may reduce pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in septic rats by inhibition of HMGB1 mRNA expression.
ABSTRACT
Inflammatory reaction dominated by defense response will arise against infection and trauma. As an important proinflammatory cytokine, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is widely expressed in all nuclear cells to mediate the inflammatory response. However, the biological functions of HMGB1 in inflammation vary depending on the type of HMGB1 protein modification and the localization in the cell. HMGB1 protein will be modified as acetylation of lysine residues, methylation of lysine residues, oxidation of cysteine residues, phosphorylation of serine residues, glycosylation of asparagine residues, adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation and lactylation of the protein in the nucleus, migrate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and release into the extracellular compartment. Extracellular HMGB1 can bind to receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors, activate cells and regulate inflammatory responses. The authors review the research progress in regulatory mechanism of HMGB1 in inflammation response from aspects of its post-translational modifications, releases, biological roles and binding receptors, hoping to provide theoretical basis for finding the targets of inflammation intervention.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the expression of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in peripheral blood and membrane tissues of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and its relationship with intrauterine infection.Methods:Seventy-four pregnant women with PROM from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the study group, and 58 healthy pregnant women at the corresponding period were selected as the healthy control group. The levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 in peripheral blood and membrane tissues and serum CD 8+ were compared between the two groups. The pregnant women with PROM were divided into the chorioamnionitis group, subclinical chorioamnionitis group and normal group according to their intrauterine infection, the expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 in peripheral blood and membrane tissues of patients with different infection degrees were compared, and the correlation with the severity of intrauterine infection were analyzed. Results:The levels of peripheral blood HMGB1, membrane tissues HMGB1, peripheral blood IL-17, membrane tissues IL-17 and serum CD 8+ in the study group were higher than those in the control group: (28.34 ± 5.16) μg/L vs. (22.51 ± 4.09) μg/L, 0.79 ± 0.12 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05, (13.05 ± 2.57) ng/L vs. (8.16 ± 1.38) ng/L, 0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02, 0.386 ± 0.052 vs. 0.252 ± 0.044, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 in peripheral blood and membrane tissues and serum CD 8+ were increased with the severity of severity of intrauterine infection ( P<0.05). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the level of peripheral blood HMGB1, membrane tissues HMGB1 and IL-17 had positively correlated with the severity of intrauterine infection ( r = 0.336, 0.316, 0.311, P<0.05). The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that combined detection of HMGB1 and IL-17 levels in peripheral blood and membrane tissues and serum CD 8+ levels in evaluating the severity of intrauterine infection had higher area under the curve than that of each index alone ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Pregnant women with PROM have abnormal HMGB1 and IL-17 levels in peripheral blood and membrane tissues, and HMGB1 levels in peripheral blood and mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and IL-17 in membrane tissues are positively correlated with the severity of intrauterine infection, which has evaluation value for the severity of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the related mechanism of miRNA-34a (miR-34a) reverses cisplatin resistance of osteosarcoma through targeted inhibition of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).Methods:The MG-63 cisplatin-resistant cell line (MG-63/DDP) was constructed by using dose escalation and intermittent action, and then the successfully constructed MG-63/DDP cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 μg/ml), and CCK-8 method was used to detect cell survival rate. The MG-63/DDP cells were transfected respectively and then randomly divided into two groups: the miR-34a overexpression vector group and the miR-34a empty expression vector (miR-34a-NC) group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of miR-34a. Transfected cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 μg/ml), and CCK-8 method was used to detect cell survival rate, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify whether miR-34a regulated the expression of HMGB1, and Western blotting method was used to detect the HMGB1 protein expression level of the transfected cells. MG-63/DDP cells were transfected respectively and then randomly divided into two groups: HMGB1 gene silencing vector (si-HMGB1) group and its negative control vector (si-NC) group. Western blotting method was used to detect HMGB1 protein expression level and CCK-8 method was used to detect cell survival rate.Results:The MG-63/DDP cell line was successfully constructed. The survival rate of MG-63/DDP cells was higher than that of MG-63 cells when cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (all P < 0.01), and half inhibitory concentration ( IC50) value of MG-63/DDP cells and MG-63 cells on cisplatin was 25.80 μg/ml and 0.47 μg/ml, respectively. qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expression level of miR-34a in MG-63/DDP cells was lower than that in MG-63 cells (0.46±0.04 vs. 1.02±0.05, t = 15.14, P < 0.01); compared with miR-34a-NC group, the relative expression of miR-34a in MG-63/DDP cells was increased in miR-34a overexpression vector group (1.67±0.09 vs. 1.00±0.02, t = -12.58, P < 0.01). Cell survival rate of miR-34a overexpression vector group and miR-34a-NC group was decreased with the increase in the concentration of cisplatin; cell survival rate of miR-34a overexpression vector group was lower than that of miR-34a-NC group when cells were treated with different concentrations of 5- 30 μg/ml cisplatin (all P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate of MG-63/DDP cells in miR-34a-NC group and miR-34a overexpression vector group was (25.1±1.7)% and (42.3±2.3)%, respectively when cells were treated with 20 μg/ml cisplatin; and in miR-34a overexpression vector group, MG-63/DDP cells had a higher rate of apoptosis ( P < 0.01). The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment results showed that compared with miR-34a-NC group, miR-34a overexpression vector group could inhibit the luciferase activity of PGL3- wild-type-HMGB1, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 6.37, P < 0.01), while miR-34a overexpression vector group had no significant inhibitory effect on the luciferase activity of PGL3- mutant-HMGB1 ( t = 0.35, P = 0.74). The relative expression level of HMGB1 protein in miR-34a overexpression vector group was lower than that in miR-34a-NC group (0.43±0.02 vs. 1.00±0.14, t = 6.98, P < 0.01). Compared with si-NC group, the relative expression level and IC50 value of HMGB1 protein in si-HMGB1 group were reduced (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Overexpression of miR-34a can enhance the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells MG-63/DDP to cisplatin, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of HMGB1 expression.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship between high mobility group protein box-1 (HMGB1) level in peripheral blood and no-reflow in patients with acute myocardial infarction after interventional therapy.Methods:120 patients with acute myocardial infarction patients who received interventional treatment in Liuzhou People's Hospital, China between October 2019 and October 2020 were included in this study. They were divided into normal blood flow group ( n = 78) and no-reflow group ( n = 42) according to the situation of coronary reflow after interventional treatment. The clinical data and laboratory test results were compared between the two groups. The level of HMGB1 in peripheral blood was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of HMGB1 in no reflow was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, history of hypertension, history of smoking, history of coronary heart disease, and peak value of creatine kinase MB between no reflow and normal flow groups (all P > 0.05). The number of patients developing diabetes mellitus, the proportion of patients developing lesions of multiple vessels, C-reactive protein level and brain natriuretic peptide level in no-reflow group were significantly higher than those in the normal blood flow group (all P < 0.05). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that there was significant difference in HMGB1 level between no reflow and normal flow groups [(5.2 ± 0.85) mg/L vs.(3.2 ± 0.9) mg/L, t = -2.38, P = 0.02). The ROC curve was used to compare the diagnostic values of HMGB1, brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein for no reflow. The results showed that the area under the ROC curve values of HMGB1, brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein were 0.746 (0.661-0.830), 0.605 (0.504-0.705) and 0.688 (0.595-0.781), respectively. The area under the ROC curve value of HMGB1 was the highest. Conclusion:The level of HMGB1 is obviously increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting with no reflow, which has a high diagnostic value for no reflow.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of anesthesia depth control on cognitive function and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) level in older adult patients with breast cancer.Methods:Eighty-six female older adult patients with breast cancer who received mastectomy between June 2019 and June 2020 in the First Hospital of China Medical University, China were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo anesthesia with sodium phenobarbital and atropine at deep (bispectral index 30-45, deep anesthesia group, n = 43) or superficial level (bispectral index 45-60, superficial anesthesia group, n = 43). The mean arterial pressure, heart rate, HMGB-1 level, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score were assessed in each group. Results:There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure and heart rate recorded during each time period between the deep anesthesia and superficial anesthesia groups (all P > 0.05). No significant difference in HMGB-1 level was found between the two groups before anesthesia induction and at the end of surgery (both P > 0.05). At 1 and 2 days after surgery, HMGB-1 level in the deep anesthesia group was (75.46 ± 3.33) pg/mL and (93.98 ± 4.32) pg/mL, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in the superficial anesthesia group [(87.89 ± 5.13) pg/mL and (121.01 ± 4.36) pg/mL, t = 13.327, 28.878, both P < 0.05)]. At 1 day before surgery, there was no significant difference in MMSE score between the two groups ( P > 0.05). In the deep anesthesia group, MMSE score was (26.73 ± 1.11) points, (28.16 ± 0.72) points, and (28.97 ± 0.88) points at 1, 3 and 6 days after surgery respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the superficial anesthesia group [(21.03 ± 1.46) points, (22.39 ± 1.24) points, and (24.69 ± 0.57) points, t = 20.380, 26.388, 26.768, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Deep anesthesia for mastectomy in older adult patients can reduce cognitive impairment and decrease HMGB-1 level after surgery, and plays a positive role in postoperative recovery.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the perioperative plasma high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) concentrations in the patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of cervical cancer using different anesthetic regimens.Methods:Sixty-eight American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ patients, aged 34-68 yr, with body mass index of 19-24 kg/m 2, undergoing elective laparoscopic radical resection of cervical cancer, were divided into 2 groups ( n=34 each) using a random number table method: general anesthesia group (G group) and general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia group (GE group). In group G, anesthesia was induced with midazolam, etomidate and cisatracurium and maintained with remifentanil, propofol and cisatracurium.In group GE, an epidural catheter was placed at L 1, 2 interspace before induction of anesthesia, general anesthesia was performed after the anesthesia level reached T 6, and the method was similar to those previously described in group G. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was used after operation to maintain visual analog scale score ≤ 3 points.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at 10 min before anesthesia (T 0), at the end of operation, and at 1, 24 and 48 h after operation (T 1-4) for determination of plasma concentrations of HMGB1, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio (by flow cytometry). Results:Compared with group G, the plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly decreased at T 2, 4, the plasma concentration of HMGB1 was decreased at T 2-4, and the levels of CD3 + at T 2-4, CD4 + at T 2 and CD8 + at T 2, 3 and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were increased in group GE ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The plasma HMGB1 concentration is lower, which has less impact on immune function of the patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of cervical cancer with the combination of general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia than that with general anesthesia alone.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To observe the effects of oxymatrine(OM) on the expression and release of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) in rat pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J stimulated by hydrogen peroxide.@*Methods@#MTT method was used to detect the effects of H2O2 in different concentrations on the survival of AR42J cells. AR42J cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group, H2O2 group and H2O2+ OM group. An equal volume of H2O2(final concentration 0.16 mmol/L) was added in H2O2 group and H2O2+ OM group, respectively, while an equal volume of triple distilled water was added in control group. In H2O2+ OM group, OM(final concentration 0.5 g/L)was added 0.5 h before the addition of H2O2, and cell samples and supernatant were collected after 24 h culture. The expression of HMGB1 protein was detected by Western blotting, the level of HMGB1 protein in cell supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the intracellular distribution of HMGB1 protein was detected by immunofluorescence.@*Results@#In the H2O2 group, the expression of HMGB1, the secretion of HMGB1 in the supernatant and the proportion of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the total HMGB1 were significantly higher than those in the control group[1.04±0.04 vs 0.69±0.02, (4.84±0.13)μg/L vs (2.68±0.07)μg/L, (35.7±2.5)% vs (10.7±1.9)%], and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After OM intervention, HMGB1 protein expression, secretion and cytoplasmic proportion were [0.82±0.02, (3.97±0.10)μg/L and (27.3±1.7)%], respectively, which were obviously lower than those in the H2O2 group, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#H2O2 can induce the expression and release of HMGB1 in rat pancreatic acinar cells; OM treatment could alleviate the severity of oxidative stress injuries induced by H2O2 in AR42J cells.
ABSTRACT
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a member of the high-mobility group proteins and is present in eukaryotic cells. HMGB1 is not only a nuclear protein but also a pro-inflammatory factor, and the increase in HMGB1 level in the body indicates cell destruction and inflammatory response. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the world. In recent years, the role of HMGB1 in HBV-related liver diseases has attracted more and more attention, especially the important role of HMGB1 in the progression of liver inflammation and liver cancer. This article reviews the recent research advances in the role of HMGB1 in the development, progression, and treatment of HBV-related liver diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze perioperative serum high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) levels in patients with acute cholangitis and its clinical significance.@*Methods@#118 cases of choledocholithiasis with acute cholangitis were retrospectively analyzed, admittd in Minhang Hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum HMGB1 levels before and after ERCP. The relationship between serum HMGB1 levels and severity of the disease was analyzed.@*Results@#The serum HMGB1 levels in the healthy controls, mild cholangitis group, moderate cholangitis group and severe cholangitis group were(1.74±0.79) μg/L, (9.19±4.86) μg/L, (12.62±4.13) μg/L, (18.02±3.84) μg/L, respectively. The serum HMGB1 levels were significantly different in these four groups (F=63.348, P<0.05). The serum HMGB1 levels in the three groups after ERCP were significantly lower than those before ERCP(t=10.978, t=35.682, t=42.649; P<0.05). The serum HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with WBC, CRP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase.@*Conclusion@#Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute cholangitis, and the more serious the disease, the higher the HMGB1 levels. After ERCP, serum HMGB1 levels were significantly lower than before. HMGB1 is an effective parameter for evaluating the severity of acute cholangitis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze perioperative serum high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) levels in patients with acute cholangitis and its clinical significance.Methods 118 cases of choledocholithiasis with acute cholangitis were retrospectively analyzed,admittd in Minhang Hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum HMGB1 levels before and after ERCP.The relationship between serum HMGB1 levels and severity of the disease was analyzed.Results The serum HMGB1 levels in the healthy controls,mild cholangitis group,moderate cholangitis group and severe cholangitis group were(1.74 ±0.79) μg/L,(9.19 ±4.86) μg/L,(12.62 ± 4.13) μg/L,(18.02 ±3.84) μg/L,respectively.The serum HMGB1 levels were significantly different in these four groups (F =63.348,P ＜ 0.05).The serum HMGB1 levels in the three groups after ERCP were significantly lower than those before ERCP (t =10.978,t =35.682,t =42.649;P ＜ 0.05).The serum HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with WBC,CRP,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase.Conclusion Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute cholangitis,and the more serious the disease,the higher the HMGB1 levels.After ERCP,serum HMGB1 levels were significantly lower than before.HMGB1 is an effective parameter for evaluating the severity of acute cholangitis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 250 -300 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),hepatic I/R group (group I/R) and propofol group (group P).Hepatic I/R injury was induced by occluding the portal vein and hepatic artery supplying the left and middle lobes of the liver for 1 h followed by 6-h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Propofol was infused via the tail vein at a rate of 12 mg ·kg-1 · h-1 starting from 20 min before ischemia until 6 h of reperfusion in group P.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h of reperfusion,and the left lobe of the liver was removed for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-6) in liver tissues (by Western blot).Results Compared with group S,pathological scores of liver tissues were significantly increased,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,TNF-α and IL-6 was up-regulated in I/R and P groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,pathological scores of liver tissues were significantly decreased,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,TNF-α and IL-6 was down-regulated in group P (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol reduces liver I/R injury is associated with blocking HMGB-1/TLR4 signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammatory responses in rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of paeonol onexpression of HMGB1and IL-1βand apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in rats after myocardial I/R injury.Methods Fifty-two adult SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,low-dose paeonol group,high dose paeonol group,and I/R injury group(13in each group).The rats in low-dose paeonol group and high dose paeonol group received intraperitoneal paeonol injection before operation(15.30mg/kg,once a day).Serum samples were taken at 2hafter reperfusion.Serum IL-1βlevel was measured by ELISA,myocardial infarction size was measured with TTC staining,expressions of HMGB1,Bcl-2and Bax proteins in myocardial tissue were detected with immunohistochemical staining.Results The myocardial infarction size was significantly smaller in low-dose paeonol group and high dose paeonol group than in I/R injury group(31.04％±2.93％,27.97％±2.84 vs37.23％±3.62％,P＜0.01).The expression levels of IL-1βand HMGB1were significantly higher in I/R injury group,low-dose paeonol group and high-dose paeonol group than in sham operation group and were significantly lower in low-dose paeonol group and high-dose paeonol group than in I/R injury group(P＜0.01).The expression level of IL-1βwas significantly higher while that of Bax protein was significantly lower in low-dose paeonol group and high-dose paeonol group than in in I/R injury group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Paeonol preconditioning can reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes,and can thus prevent myocardial I/R injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of hypoxia on the expression of inflammatory factor high mobility group box-l(HMGB1) in the pulmonary arteriolae of neonatal SD rats.Method A total of 80 neonatal SD rats were randomly assigned into control group and hypoxia-induced persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn model (PPHN) group.The PPHN group was subdivided into 2 h,8 h,24 h,and 3 d post-PPHN subgroups according to the time of sacrifice.PPHN model was established on postnatal day 4 when rat pups in PPHN group were kept in low-oxygen box (10％ O2 and 90％ N2) for consecutively 7 days.Multi-channel physiological transducer RM-6280 was used recording the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) at the root to pulmonary artery of rat pups.ELISA method was used examining the serum level of HMGB1 of rat pups in each group.The pathology of the lung tissue was studied using optical microscope after HE staining,and MIAS-2000 medical image analysis software was used to calculate the ratio of the middle membrane thickness to the outer diameter of the pulmonary arteriolae wall (MT％).Protein level of HMGB1 in the lung was examined using Western Blot.Result The lung pathology in PPHN rats showed thickening of the middle membrane of the pulmonary arteriolae wall and stenosis of the pulmonary arteriolae.MT％ of control group and PPHN group were 5.3％ (3.7％,7.6％) and 7.1％ (4.6％,9.2％),respectively,without significant differences (P＞0.05).At 2 h,8 h,24 h,3 d post-PPHN timepoints,the serum levels of HMGB1 in PPHN group were (13.2±3.1),(15.4±3.6),(17.1±3.5),and (15.8±3.6) ng/ml,respectively,without intra-subgroup differences (F=2.134,P＞0.05),but significant differences existed when compared with control group at each timepoint (P＜0.01).Western Blot showed that HMGB1 protein expression in the lungs were significantly elevated soon after PPHN,peaked at 8～24 h,and reduced but still significantly elevated at 3 d after PPHN comparing with normal control.Significant differences existed at 2 h,8 h,and 24 h timepoints (P＜0.01,respectively).The HMGB1 protein of PPHN group declined significantly at 3 d timepoint without significant differences comparing with the control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion HMGB1 is closely related with the pathogenesis of PPHN,indicating the inflammatory response plays an important role in the mechanisms of PPHN.HMGB1 may be an indicator for the assessment of hypoxia-induced PPHN.
ABSTRACT
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is released by apoptotic cells and monocytes／macrophages.It plays an important role in mediating inflammation development and promoting tissue repairment and regeneration via combining with corresponding receptors .In recent years ,some researches indicated that HMGB1 possessed im-portant diagnostic and prognostic assessment value for coronary heart disease ,heart failure and myocardial injury etc .The present article summarized research progress of HMGB1 in cardiovascular diseases in recent years .
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the differential expression of high mobility group box - 1 protein (HMGB1) in renal tissues of heat stroke mice models, and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of heat stroke associated acute kidney injury(HS-associated AKI). Methods According to random number table, 20 healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, including normal control (n=10) and heat stroke group (n=10). The mice in heat stroke group were given with a 2-hour-exposure in biological simulation chamber (temperature 41℃, humidity 70％). Heat stroke was defined as anal temperature lasting more than 40 degrees Celsius. A 18F - deoxyglucose nuclide labeled vivo imaging was conducted with micro - positron emission tomography(PET)/computer tomography (CT). Serum creatinine was examined with blood example. In order to evaluate the pathological changes, HE stain was conducted with kidney tissue, and mitochondrial morphological changes in kidney tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of HMGB1 and apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2 (Aifm2) were examined by immunohistochemical method, and the levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were examined by Western blotting. The cell apoptosis of renal tissue was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase -mediated dUTP - biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL). The metabolomics of kidney tissue in mice were detected by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC - MS), and the pathway enrichment analysis was carried out by KEEG database. Results (1) The body temperature of the mice in heat shock group was significantly higher than that in normal control group 45 min after model establishment (P＜0.05). The level of serum creatinine in heat shock group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P＜0.05), and the levels of 18F - deoxyglucose increased in skeletal muscle and visceral tissue of the mice in heat - shock group. (2) HE staining showed hemorrhage in collecting duct and tubular endothelial cell swelling, and mitochondrial swelling and deformation were observed by transmission electron microscopy in kidney tissue of the heat shock group. (3) Immunohistochemical method showed that the levels of Aifm2 and HMGB1 in heat shock group were higher (P＜0.05). (4) Western blotting showed that the levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in heat shock group were higher than those in normal control group (P＜0.05). (5) TUNEL showed that the number of cells with positive stain in kidney tissue of the heat shock group was higher than that in normal control group (P＜0.05). (6) Between normal control group and heat shock group, 136 differential metabolites were detected in kidney tissues. After analysis by KEGG database, pathway abnormalities such as unsaturated fatty acid metabolism disorder may be associated with HS - associated AKI, and many differential metabolites such as adrenic acid may be important regulatory points in the pathogenesis. Conclusion Acute kidney injury is a common complication of heat shock. It may be related to the dysfunction of renal mitochondria and activation of apoptotic pathway caused by systemic hypercatabolism, which may be related to the disorder of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism and activation of HMGB1. Some differential metabolites may be of high value in HS- associated AKI studies.
ABSTRACT
Preterm birth is one of the most common obstetric complications. In recent decades, the incidence of premature birth remains high throughout the world, and even shows a rising trend in some countries and areas. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of human parturition and developing the effective prevention and treatment strategies of premature delivery are urgent to improve maternal and fetal health and overall quality of population. Due to the limitation of ethics and testing methods, the prediction and early diagnosis of premature birth have been the primary problem that perplexes obstetricians. Various body fluids, including amniotic fluid, cervicovaginal fluid, urine, saliva and blood, provide rich sources of putative biomarkers that may be causative or reflective of preterm labor. In recent years, the exploration of novel biomarkers for noninvasive detection is in the ascendant, which sheds new lights for the prediction and early diagnosis of preterm labor. This review compares the biomarkers for the detection of preterm birth, and discusses the future prospect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on high-mobility group box 1 protein ( HMGB1) ∕Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) ∕nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κB) signaling pathway during lung ischemia-reperfusion ( I∕R) in rats. Methods Thirty-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group ( group S) , lung I∕R group ( group I∕R) and sevoflu-rane preconditioning group ( group SP ) . The right pulmonary hilum was only isolated but not ligated in group S. Lung I∕R was induced by clamping the right pulmonary hilum for 60 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion in anesthetized rats in group I∕R. In group SP, 2. 1％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 30 min to per-form sevoflurane preconditioning, and the lung I∕R model was established at 10 min after the end of inhala-tion. The rats were sacrificed at 120 min of reperfusion, and the lungs were removed for examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of wet to dry weight ratio ( W∕D ratio) , con-tent of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) in lung tissues ( by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB protein in lung tissues (by Western blot). Results Compared with group S, the pathological scores, W∕D ratio and content of TNF-α were significantly increased, and the expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB was up-regulated in I∕R and SP groups ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group I∕R, the pathological scores, W∕D ratio and content of TNF-αwere significantly decreased, and the expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB was down-regulated ( P<0. 05) , and the pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group SP . Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning reduces lung I∕R injury probably through inhibiting HMGB1∕TLR4∕NF-κB signaling pathway in rats.